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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY – 1st YearViva Questions with Answers

 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY – 1st Year Viva Questions with Answers


CELL & TISSUES

1. Anatomy ka matlab?  

Ans: Human body ke structure ka study.


2. Physiology ka matlab?  

Ans: Body ke functions ka study.


3. Cell ki definition?  

Ans: Life ki basic structural aur functional unit.


4. Cell ke main parts?  

Ans: Cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus.


5. Mitochondria ka function?  

Ans: Energy production (ATP).


6. Ribosomes ka function?  

Ans: Protein synthesis.


7. Epithelial tissue ke types?  

Ans: Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar, Ciliated, Glandular.


8. Connective tissue ke examples?  

Ans: Bone, Cartilage, Blood, Fat (adipose).


9. Muscle tissue ke types?  

Ans: Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.


10. Nervous tissue ka main cell?  

Ans: Neuron.


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SKELETAL SYSTEM

11. Human body me bones ki total ginti?  

Ans: 206.


12. Axial skeleton me kaun se bones aati hain?  

Ans: Skull, Vertebral column, Ribs, Sternum.


13. Appendicular skeleton me kaun se bones aati hain?  

Ans: Upper aur lower limbs, Shoulder, Pelvic girdles.


14. Long bone ka example?  

Ans: Femur.


15. Short bone ka example?  

Ans: Carpals.


16. Flat bone ka example?  

Ans: Sternum.


17. Irregular bone ka example?  

Ans: Vertebra.


18. Sesamoid bone ka example?  

Ans: Patella.


19. Skull ke main bones?  

Ans: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, Sphenoid, Ethmoid.


20. Vertebral column ke total vertebrae?  

Ans: 33.


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JOINTS

21. Joint ki definition?  

Ans: Do bones ka junction.


22. Synovial joint ka example?  

Ans: Shoulder joint.


23. Fibrous joint ka example?  

Ans: Skull sutures.


24. Cartilaginous joint ka example?  

Ans: Intervertebral discs.


25. Ball and socket joint ka example?  

Ans: Hip joint.


26. Hinge joint ka example?  

Ans: Elbow joint.


27. Pivot joint ka example?  

Ans: Atlanto-axial joint.


28. Saddle joint ka example?  

Ans: Thumb joint.


29. Plane joint ka example?  

Ans: Intercarpal joints.


30. Condyloid joint ka example?  

Ans: Wrist joint.


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MUSCULAR SYSTEM

31. Largest muscle in human body?  

Ans: Gluteus maximus.


32. Smallest muscle?  

Ans: Stapedius (ear).


33. Voluntary muscle ka example?  

Ans: Biceps.


34. Involuntary muscle ka example?  

Ans: Stomach wall muscles.


35. Cardiac muscle kahan hota hai?  

Ans: Heart.


36. Flexor muscle ka function?  

Ans: Joint ko bend karna.


37. Extensor muscle ka function?  

Ans: Joint ko straight karna.


38. Abductor muscle ka function?  

Ans: Limb ko body se door le jana.


39. Adductor muscle ka function?  

Ans: Limb ko body ke paas lana.


40. Diaphragm ka function?  

Ans: Breathing me madad.


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NERVOUS SYSTEM

41. Nervous system ke 2 main parts?  

Ans: CNS (Central Nervous System) aur PNS (Peripheral Nervous System).


42. CNS me kya hota hai?  

Ans: Brain aur Spinal cord.


43. Brain ke lobes?  

Ans: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital.


44. Largest part of brain?  

Ans: Cerebrum.


45. Brain ka balance control center?  

Ans: Cerebellum.


46. Spinal cord ka function?  

Ans: Nerve signals ka transmission.


47. Cranial nerves ki total ginti?  

Ans: 12 pairs.


48. Spinal nerves ki total ginti?  

Ans: 31 pairs.


49. Sensory nerve ka example?  

Ans: Optic nerve.


50. Motor nerve ka example?  

Ans: Oculomotor nerve.


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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

51. Heart ke total chambers?  

Ans: 4 (2 atria, 2 ventricles).


52. Normal adult heart rate?  

Ans: 72/min.


53. Largest artery?  

Ans: Aorta.


54. Largest vein?  

Ans: Inferior vena cava.


55. Pulmonary artery ka function?  

Ans: Heart se lungs ko deoxygenated blood le jana.


56. Pulmonary vein ka function?  

Ans: Lungs se heart ko oxygenated blood le aana.


57. Normal BP?  

Ans: 120/80 mmHg.


58. RBC ka function?  

Ans: Oxygen transport.


59. WBC ka function?  

Ans: Immunity.


60. Platelets ka function?  

Ans: Blood clotting.


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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

61. Digestive system ka main kaam?  

Ans: Food ko digest karke nutrients absorb karna.


62. Stomach ka function?  

Ans: Food store aur digest karna.


63. Small intestine ke 3 parts?  

Ans: Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum.


64. Large intestine ke 4 parts?  

Ans: Cecum, Colon, Rectum, Anal canal.


65. Liver ka function?  

Ans: Bile production.


66. Gall bladder ka function?  

Ans: Bile store karna.


67. Pancreas ka function?  

Ans: Digestive enzymes aur insulin produce karna.


68. Salivary glands ke naam?  

Ans: Parotid, Submandibular, Sublingual.


69. Appendix kahan hota hai?  

Ans: Cecum me.


70. Tongue ka kaam?  

Ans: Taste, Speech, Swallowing.


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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

71. Respiratory system ka main kaam?  

Ans: Oxygen lena aur carbon dioxide nikalna.


72. Lungs ka covering?  

Ans: Pleura.


73. Larynx ka common name?  

Ans: Voice box.


74. Trachea ka function?  

Ans: Air passage lungs tak.


75. Alveoli ka function?  

Ans: Gas exchange.


76. Normal respiration rate?  

Ans: 12–20/min.


77. Inspiration me diaphragm ka movement?  

Ans: Neeche hota hai.


78. Expiration me diaphragm ka movement?  

Ans: Upar hota hai.


79. Nasal cavity ka function?  

Ans: Air filter, warm aur humidify karna.


80. Epiglottis ka function?  

Ans: Food ko airway me jane se rokna.


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EXCRETORY & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

81. Kidney ka function?  

Ans: Blood filter karke urine banana.


82. Kidney ka functional unit?  

Ans: Nephron.


83. Ureter ka function?  

Ans: Kidney se bladder tak urine le jana.


84. Bladder ka function?  

Ans: Urine store karna.


85. Normal adult urine output?  

Ans: 1.5 liters/day.


86. Male gonads ka naam?  

Ans: Testes.


87. Female gonads ka naam?  

Ans: Ovaries.


88. Male reproductive ducts?  

Ans: Vas deferens, Urethra.


89. Female reproductive ducts?  

Ans: Fallopian tubes.


90. Menstrual cycle ka normal duration?  

Ans: 28 days.


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SENSE ORGANS & MISC

91. Eye ka transparent part?  

Ans: Cornea.


92. Eye ka colored part?  

Ans: Iris.


93. Retina ka function?  

Ans: Light detect karke brain ko signal bhejna.


94. Ear ke 3 parts?  

Ans: Outer ear, Middle ear, Inner ear.


95. Ossicles ke naam?  

Ans: Malleus, Incus, Stapes.


96. Cochlea ka function?  

Ans: Hearing.


97. Skin ke layers?  

Ans: Epidermis, Dermis.


98. Skin ka pigment?  

Ans: Melanin.


99. Homeostasis ka matlab?  

Ans: Body ka internal balance maintain karna.


100. Anatomical position ka definition?  

Ans: Standing straight, face forward, arms side me, palms forward.

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